APA Style Guide 6th Edition

1.​ Journal Articles References

Socket, H. T. (1987). Has Shulman got the strategy right? Harvard Educational Review, 57, 208–219.

i.​ Authors
Use & not and. Use initials instead of full first and/or middle names.
ii.​ Year
Year must be in parentheses i.e. (year).
iii.​ Article title
Article title, only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle—unless a proper name/noun follows. It should not be italicized.
iv. ​Journal title
Journal title, only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle. Italicize.
v.​ Volume number and issue number
Volume number italicized. Include issue number in parenthesis if each issue starts on page 1 or if you are unsure—the issue number will NOT be italicized e.g. 57(1).
vi.​ Page number
A punctuation mark dash (–) is put between first and last page of the journal where the article has been published; no space is left between these pages (first and last pages). e.g. 208–219.

Examples

Abbasi, N. A., Hafiz, I. A., Qureshi, A. A., Ali I., & Mahmood, S. R. (2014). Evaluating the success of vegetative propagation techniques in Loquat cv. Mardan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(2), 579–584.
Achim, C., & Botu, I. (2001). Results in walnut propagation by using different methods. Acta Horticulturae,  442, 503–510.
Chunming, X., Fushan, H., Jianhua, J., Huiming, Q., & Huijun, X. (2000). Guanyu, a new large fruited loquat variety. South China Fruits, 29(1), 33–34.
El-Deen, E. Z., & El-Rhman, I. A. (2011). Studies on grafting methods and dates of pistachio trees under supplemental irrigation in North Sinai. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 7(6), 456–463.

A.​ Journal Article from Publisher Web Site (article with no DOI)

Koopman, W. J. (2001). Prospects for autoimmune disease: Research advances in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 648–650. Retrieved from http://jama .ama-assn.org/

B.​ Full Text Article with Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Yu, H., Zhou, Y.-J., Li, G.-X., Zhang, G.-H., Liu, H.-L., Yan, L.-P., & Tong, G.-Z. (2009). Further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like influenza viruses in China. Virus Research, 140, 85–90. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.008

2.​ Book References

Editions: No edition information is required for first editions.
Publication location: Publisher locations in the U.S.A. should include the city and the abbreviated version of the state (e.g. NY for New York); elsewhere in the world, include the city and country. Where more than one location is provided, use the first location listed.
Print book
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of book. Location of publication: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of book (edition). Location of publication: Publisher.
i.​ Authors
Use & not and. Use initials instead of full first/given or middle names.
ii.​ Year
Year must be in parentheses i.e. (year).
iii.​ Title
Title of book should be italicized. Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle—unless a proper name/noun follows.
iv.​ Place of publication
v. ​Colon (:)
vi.​ Publisher name

For example

Cushing, C. E., & Allan, J. D. (2001). Streams: Their ecology and life. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Aronsson, L. (2000). The development of sustainable tourism. London, England: Continuum.

Hayes, S. C., Stosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Mook, D. (2004). Classic experiments in psychology. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Electronic book

The URL provided should be the website of the main publisher or provider. If you accessed the e-book via the catalogue, check the catalogue record to find the publisher or provider (where the full text is available from).

A.​ Chapter of a print book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location of publication: Publisher.

For example

Ramsey, J. K., & McGrew, W. C. (2005). Object play in great apes: studies in nature and captivity. In A. D. Pellegrini & P. K. Smith (Eds.), The nature of play: Great apes and humans (pp. 89-112). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Regulus, T. A. (1995). Gang violence. In R. L. Edwards (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social work (19th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1045–1055). Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers.

B.​ Chapter of an electronic book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from URL
OR
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). doi:xxxx

For example

Branch, S., Ramsay, S., & Barker, M. (2008). The bullied boss: a conceptual exploration of upwards bullying. In A. Glendon, B. M. Thompson, & B. Myors (Eds.), Advances in organizational​ psychology​ (pp.​ 93-112).​ Retrieved​ from htp:/www.informit.com.au/humanities.html

3.​ Thesis References

A.​ Published doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of thesis or dissertation (Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order no.)

For example

Bozeman, A. Jr. (2007). Age of onset as predictor of cognitive performance in children with seizure disorders (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI 3259752)

B.​ Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of thesis or dissertation (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

For example

Imber, A. (2003). Applicant reactions to graduate recruitment and selection (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation.) Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

4.​ Magazine Articles References

A.​ Magazine article – online In-text references

Kluger and Dorfman (2002) evaluated the​
OR
. . . (Kluger & Dorfman, 2002).

Reference page

Author, A. A. (year, month of publication). Title of article. Magazine Title, volume number(issue number), page-page. Retrieved from URL

For example

Novotney, A. (2010, January). Integrated care is nothing new for these psychologists. Monitor on Psychology, 41(1). Retrieved from www.apa.org/monitor
Kluger, J., & Dorfman, A. (2002, August 26). The challenges we face. Time, 160(9), 32–38.

B.​ Magazine article – Print

Author, A. A. (year, month of publication). Title of article. Magazine Title, volume number(issue number), page-page.

For example

Wilson, D. S., & Wilson, E. O. (2007, November 3). Survival of the selfless. NewScientist, 196(2628), 42-46.

5.​ Newspaper Articles References

A.​ Newspaper articles – no author In-text references

The article title will be placed between quotation marks in the text of the essay. In the article “Rotor Blades Fail Inspection” (2002)​ OR
. . . (“Rotor Blades Fail Inspection,” 2002).

Reference page

If no author is present, use the title of the article in place of the author’s name. Rotor blades fail inspection. (2002, July 27). Medicine Hat News, p. A1.

B.​ Newspaper articles – with author online

Author, A. A. (year, month date of publication). Title of article. Newspaper Title. Retrieved from URL

For example

Gadher, D. (2007, September 2). Leap in gambling addiction forecast. The Sunday Times. Retrieved from http://www.timesonline.co.uk

C.​ Newspaper articles – with author print

Author, A. A. (year, month date of publication). Title of article. Newspaper Title, pp. page- page.

For example

Packham, B. (2010, January 18). Bullies to show concern: schools to try Euro method that lets thugs off the hook. Herald-Sun. pp. 6.

6.​ Conference Proceedings References

A.​ Conference proceedings (unpublished) Paper presentation or poster session:

Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the meeting of Organisation Name, Location.

For example

Jodell, F., Russell, F., Tepper, K., Todd, P. & Zahora, T. (2009, September). Joined at the hip: partnerships between librarians and learning skills advisers. Poster session presented at the International Congress of Medical Librarianship, Brisbane.

B.​ Conference proceedings (Published)

Use book chapter format for one-off publications. Cite regular publications as per scholarly journal articles.

7.​ Technical Report References

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher.

For example

Tayama, T. (2006). Velocity influence on detection and prediction of changes in color and motion direction (Report No. 38, 1-20). Sapporo, Japan: Psychology Department, Hokkaido University.
Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. (2008). The road home: a national approach to reducing homelessness.​ Retrieved​ from
http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/progserv/homelessness/whitep aper/Documents/default.htm

8.​ Brochure – Same Author and Publisher

In-text references
Brochure – Same Author and Publisher In the brochure by Travel Alberta (2002)​ OR
. . . (Travel Alberta, 2002).
Reference page
When the author and publisher are identical then use the word author as the publisher. Travel Alberta. (2002). Official Alberta vacation guide [Brochure]. Edmonton, Canada: Author.

9.​ A Review References

In-text references
In Osborne’s (1998) review of the book . . . .
OR
. . . (Osborne, 1998).
Reference page
In square brackets use the phrase ―Review of the‖ and the type of material reviewed (book, video, etc.). If the article/review has a formal title, it will precede the bracketed text. For
example
Osborne, R. E. (1998). [Review of the book The fabric of self: A theory of ethics and emotions, by D. Rothbard Margolis]. Choice, 36, 223.

10.​ Corporate Report/Group of Authors/Government Author

Group author/publisher style of reference will include corporations, associations, government agencies or study groups act as author and publisher. Spell out the full name of the group publisher and author; do not use abbreviations or acronyms if abbreviation not widely known. So give the name in full every time.
In-text references
For example
... (Australian Research Council, 1996). The Health Canada (2006) report noted that​ OR . . . (Health Canada, 2006).
Reference page
If present, include publication or catalogue number in parenthesis after the title.
For example
Health Canada. (2006). Residential indoor air quality guideline: Formaldehyde (HC Publication No. 4120). Retrieved from http:// www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/pubs/air/ formaldehyde-eng.pdf
If organization is recognized by abbreviation, cite the first time as follows:
... (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2005) thereafter ... (AIHW, 2005).

11.​ Web Page References

In-text references
Cite electronic information the same way as printed works, use the author and date of electronic publication.
For example
A document from the United Nurses of Alberta (2009) suggests that . . . .
OR
. . . (United Nurses of Alberta, 2009).
Reference page
Provide as many of the bibliographic elements as are available. Include the complete Web address for the page of information (cut and paste the web address to ensure accuracy).

Be sure that the Web site hosting a document is the actual author; a Web site might be hosting the information for other organizations.
For example
United Nurses of Alberta. (2009, June). Fishing for facts on the nursing shortage? Retrieved from http://www.una.ab.ca/news/archive/pdfs/ Wrong%20Way/redherring.pdf

Food​ Groups.​ (2008,​ December​ 3).​ Retrieved​ October​ 20,​ 2009,​ from http://apastyle.org/learn/faqs/web-page-no-author.aspx. If there is no author, move the title to the beginning of the reference e.g. Food Groups in the above reference. Date posted, updated, or published if provided. e.g. 2008, December 3 in the above reference. Use n.d (for no date) otherwise.

12.​ Wiki Entry References

In-text references
The “APA Style” (2009) article suggests that . . . .
OR It is suggested that . . . (“APA Style,” 2009).

Reference page
The date of retrieval must be included when citing a wiki article.
For example
APA style. (2009, October 15). In Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 20, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ APA_style

Important Note

1.​ In-text references (with one author)
Regulus (1995) determined . . . .
OR
. . . (Regulus, 1995).
2.​ In-text references (with two
authors) Kluger and Dorfman (2002)
evaluated the…. OR
…..(Kluger & Dorfman, 2002).
3.​ In-text references (with more than two authors)
Yu et al. (2009) discovered that . . . .
OR
It was discovered that . . . (Yu et al., 2009).
4.​ Multiple works by same author
When cited together give the author's surname once followed by the years of each publication, which are separated by a comma. ... (Stairs, 1992, 1993). Stairs (1992, 1993)...
5.​ Multiple works by same author AND same year
If there is more than one reference by an author in the same year, suffixes (a, b, c, etc.) are added to the year. Allocation of the suffixes is determined by the order of the references in the reference list. Suffixes are also included in the reference list, and these references are listed alphabetically by title. If cited together, list by suffix as shown below.
Stairs (1992b)... later in the text ... (Stairs, 1992a).
...(Stairs, 1992a, 1992b).
6.​ Multiple references
List the citations in alphabetical order and separate with semicolons. ... (Burst, 1995; Turner & Hooch, 1982; Zane, 1976).

7.​ Quote from an electronic source
Where page numbers are not provided use paragraph numbers. ...(Sturt, 2001, para. 2)